Calculation of Headword Character Count #

This section will explain issues such as Miswritten Characters (誤字, goji), Omitted Characters (脱字, datsuji), Superfluous Characters (衍字, enji), interpolations (補入, honyū), Embedded Items (埋字, umeji; referring to entries incorporated within another entry), Substitution Marks (代用符号, daiyō fugō), and Iteration Marks (踊り字, odoriji). Following this discussion, it will proceed to calculate the keishutsuji-sū (掲出字数). The keishutsuji-sū refers to the total number of characters that constitute all Headwords.

Then, based on the results of this keishutsuji-sū calculation, the number of Entries (keishutsu kōmoku-sū, 掲出項目数) will also be calculated. The number of Entries will be aggregated according to the number of characters constituting their Headwords (e.g., Entries with single-character Headwords, Entries with two-character Headwords, and so on).

Finally, a list will be provided showing the keishutsuji-sū (total headword character count) and the number of Entries (keishutsu kōmoku-sū) for each of the 120 radical sections of the Myōgishō. In this listing, our calculated number of Entries will be compared with the entry count calculated by Sakai Kenji, and any discrepancies between our calculations and his will also be explained.

Miswritten Characters (goji) #

Below are some examples of Miswritten Characters (誤字, goji) found in Headwords.

The examples are presented by extracting relevant portions from krm_main.tsv and adding the content of the remarks column from krm_notes.tsv. For ease of reference, the Kazama Edition location is also shown as kazama_location. For instance, K02008840 indicates an appearance in Volume 2 (仏中, Butsuchū), Page 8, Line 8, Segment 4 (the explanation for the last digit, which represents character order within the segment, is omitted here).

The first example is relatively straightforward.

Example:

• kazama_location: K02008840
• hanzi_entry: 姡
• original_entry: 活
• definition: 今
• remarks: The Headword is a scribal error. It has been corrected to ‘姡’ based on the Kōzan-ji, Renshō-in, and Sainen-ji manuscripts, all of which have ‘姡’.

This example is a Headword from the “女” (woman) radical section. Since other manuscripts (異本, ihon) have the character ‘姡’ (with the “女” woman radical), it is clear that there is a scribal error in the Kanchi-in manuscript.

The following is an example where it is difficult to determine whether the Headword is a Miswritten Character.

Example:

• kazama_location: K01045610
• hanzi_entry: 迷
• original_entry: 〇
• definition: 俗悉字　私逸反
• remarks: Is the Headword ‘迷’ a glyph form that evolved from ‘⿺辶半’, a variant character (itaiji) of ‘悉’?

In this example, the Headword ‘迷’ has the Note on Character Form “俗悉字” (zoku Shitsu ji; “popular form of 悉”) in its Original Glosses, indicating it is treated as a ‘popular’ form of ‘悉’. However, ‘迷’ and ‘悉’ are distinct characters, and to connect them, a scribal error must be assumed. It is presumed that this form arose from writing the ‘心’ (heart) component at the bottom of ‘悉’ in a way that resembles ‘辶’ (motion radical). This is an example where a variant character (itaiji) of ‘悉’ appears to have been conflated with, or graphically evolved towards, the character ‘迷’.

The hypothesized process of change from ‘悉’ to ‘迷’ can be illustrated as follows:

→ → → →

According to GlyphWiki, an example of (𨒃, U+28483) can be found in [Yínánzì Kǎoshì Yǔ Yánjiū (疑難字考釋與研究, Philological Studies and Research on Difficult and Problematic Characters)].

Omitted Characters (脱字, datsuji) #

Omitted Characters (datsuji) in Headwords, which have been detailed elsewhere, are handled as follows: when a character is clearly omitted from a Headword, the presumed omitted character is indicated by enclosing it in full-width square brackets “［］”.

Example:

是／［以］
不／奈／［何］
将／為／［便］
嘻／［囉］
奢／［侈］
奚／［如］

An example of the corresponding annotation is shown below:

Example:

• kazama_location: K0200663
• hanzi_entry: 奚／［如］
• original_entry: 〇／〇
• definition: イカム（__L
• remarks: The character ‘如’ is omitted. The Renjō-in manuscript has ‘奚如’. The Kōzan-ji manuscript does not use the substitution mark ‘ー’ but explicitly writes ‘如’, and this entry is located near the latter half of the “女” (woman) radical section. This Kōzan-ji manuscript usage is considered to be an earlier example (Okada’s research, p. 192).

Superfluous Characters #

Superfluous Characters (enji) #

Instances of Superfluous Characters (enji) in Headwords are rarely found.

Example:

• kazama_location: K0402481, hanzi_entry: ⿱赤廾, definition: サカユ　シツカナリ
• kazama_location: K0402482, hanzi_entry: 人, definition: （無） (Unannotated), remarks: Could this ‘人’ be a superfluous character? Alternatively, the Headword might be a variant of ‘奕’, and this ‘人’ a miscopied iteration mark for the compound ‘奕奕’. The compound ‘奕奕’ has examples in the Shijing (Book of Odes).

The reason for the presence of the character ‘人’ in the second entry is unclear, and it is suspected to be a superfluous character.

Embedded Characters (umeji) and the Bunchūshiki (Divided-Annotation Style) #

Embedded Characters (umeji) refer to Entry-like segments that are incorporated within another main Entry.

Example:

• kazama_location: K0201261
• hanzi_entry: 娜
• definition (representing Original Glosses): 乃可（H）反　マヽハヽ　タヲヤカナリ　婀ー　ヨキカホ　ナマメク
• remarks (Compiler's Remark): Could the segment “婀ー　ヨキカホ　ナマメク” be an embedded item/entry?

These embedded segments can either be considered equivalent to a separate Entry or interpreted as an explanation of a compound word provided within the Original Glosses of the main Entry.

The method of embedding glosses for a multi-character compound within the Original Glosses of a single (often the first) character of that compound is termed the “Divided-Annotation Style” (分註式, Bunchūshiki). In contrast, the method of presenting such information as an independent Entry following the main single-character Entry is called the “Independent-Entry Style” (独立式, Dokuritsushiki) (Okada Yoshio, Ruiju Myōgishō no Kenkyū [A Study of the Ruiju Myōgishō], p. 313 ff.).

While these annotation styles are important indicators for studying the relationships between different manuscripts and the sequential ordering of Entries, they will not be discussed further in this section.

Substitution Marks (代用符号, daiyō fugō) using ‘｜’ (transcribed as ‘ー’) #

When the same Headword as in the preceding Entry is used, the vertical line ‘丨’ (U+4E28) is sometimes employed in the original manuscript to substitute for it. In this database, for better readability in horizontal text, this ‘丨’ is represented by ‘ー’ (CHOONPU - long vowel mark, U+30FC), followed by the actual Headword it represents, enclosed in parentheses.

While the Substitution Mark ‘ー’ (representing the original ‘丨’) almost always refers to the Headword of the immediately preceding Entry, users should be aware that in very rare cases, it may refer to the Headword of an Entry that is not directly adjacent, skipping over one or more intervening Entries.

The following example illustrates a case where ‘ー’ refers to a Headword that is considerably distant.

Example:

• kazama_location: K01038411, hanzi_entry: 以／後, definition: ノチ
• kazama_location: K01038420, hanzi_entry: 㣭, definition: 字公（L）反　數也
• kazama_location: K01038430, hanzi_entry: 𢓈, definition: 音旬之去声　トヽム　メクル　アマネシ
• kazama_location: K01038510, hanzi_entry: 徇, definition: 同　トナフ　*アハネシ（L___）　シタカフ（_HV）　*イトナム
• kazama_location: K01038530, hanzi_entry: 彴, definition: 止「已」約反　シタフ
• kazama_location: K01038541, hanzi_entry: 已／ー, definition: 同
• kazama_location: K01038611, hanzi_entry: 向／ー, definition: ユクサキ（HH__）　ユクスヱ, remarks: Erroneous Headword; should be ‘向後’. Okada’s research (pp. 193-194) notes that the use of ‘ー’ is appropriate for the Kōzan-ji manuscript.

Regarding the last two Headwords in the example (‘已／ー’ and ‘向／ー’), if one were to straightforwardly interpret the substitution mark ‘ー’ as referring to the immediately preceding Headword (‘彴’ from K01038530), they would become ‘已／ー (substituting 彴)’ and ‘向／ー (substituting 彴)’. However, this interpretation does not make sense in context. As Okada Yoshio has pointed out, the Headword ‘向／ー’ in this section should actually be ‘向後’. Consequently, the preceding Headword ‘已／ー’ should then be interpreted as ‘已／後’.

In other words, it is hypothesized that this section originally had the Entries with Headwords ‘以／後’, ‘已／後’, and ‘向／後’ listed in sequence. Subsequently, the Entries listed above from the second one (K01038420, Headword ‘㣭’) through the fifth one (K01038530, Headword ‘彴’) are presumed to have been inserted into this original sequence.

Iteration Marks (踊り字, odoriji) using ‘〻’ #

Iteration Marks (踊り字, odoriji) are also known as repetition marks (繰り返し符号, kurikaeshi fugō) or similar terms. Although the iteration mark ‘々’ (U+3005) is commonly used for Hanzi (Chinese characters) today, this database employs ‘〻’ (U+303B). In the Kanchi-in manuscript, the ‘〻’ mark is typically used for the second and subsequent characters in the Headword of an Entry for a compound word (熟語項目, jukugo kōmoku), as shown in the examples below.

Examples:

• kazama_location: K01059441, hanzi_entry: ー（迢）／〻（迢）, definition: トホノカナリ
• kazama_location: K02021731, hanzi_entry: 曽／ー（祖）／〻（母）, definition: オホオハ（LHLHV）
• kazama_location: K06036711, hanzi_entry: 郁／〻（郁）, definition: マタラカナリ（LLVHL__）

Characters in Original Glosses Written in Large Size #

There are instances where characters within the Original Glosses are written in a large size, similar to Headwords, which can lead to confusion.

Example 1:

• kazama_location: K02051210
• hanzi_entry: 𠰍
• definition: 音主　呼鷄
• remarks (Compiler's Remark): In both the Kōzan-ji and Renjō-in manuscripts, the part corresponding to ‘呼鷄’ is rendered as ‘ー〻呼鷄’ (where ‘ー〻’ likely indicates iteration or continuation from a preceding entry, followed by ‘呼鷄’). The Kanchi-in manuscript, however, writes ‘呼鷄’ in a large size.

This is an example from the “口” (mouth) radical section. While the Kanchi-in manuscript writes ‘呼鷄’ in a large size, both the Kōzan-ji and Renjō-in manuscripts have ‘ー〻呼鷄’, suggesting that ‘呼鷄’ in the Kanchi-in manuscript should be considered as characters within the Original Glosses (rather than a separate Headword).

Example 2:

• kazama_location: K06100620
• hanzi_entry: 憙
• definition: 音喜（H-L）　又嬉　コノム（LLH）　喜「注也」　ネカフ　ツクス　ヨロコフ（LLH_）　ヒロシ（LL_）
• remarks (Compiler's Remark): Within the Original Glosses, the character ‘喜’ is written in a large size; ‘注也’ (“this is a gloss”) is written to its left in red ink.

This example is from the “心” (heart) radical section. Here, the character ‘喜’ is written in a large size, making it appear like a Headword. However, the annotation ‘注也’ (chū nari; “this is a gloss”) to its left explicitly indicates that ‘喜’ is a character within the Original Glosses and not a Headword.

Number of Entries #

Number of Entries and Total Headword Character Count #

The number of Entries in the Kanchi-in manuscript of the Ruiju Myōgishō was published in: Ikeda Shoju, Liu Guanwei, Jun Munho, Zhang Xinfang, and Li Yuan, “Full-text Database of Ruiju Myōgishō, Kanchi-in MS : A Look at Development Methods and Calculating the Number of Headwords.” (Kuntengo to Kuten Shiryō 144, 2020). This paper classifies Entries by the number of characters in their Headwords and provides a detailed breakdown of these counts.

For example, a table row such as:

indicates that in the “人” (man) radical section (人部, jinbu), there are 616 Entries whose Headwords are in Single Character Form (1 character). Headwords with two or more characters are in Multi-Character Form; in this section, there are 203 Entries with two-character Headwords, 26 with three-character, 5 with four-character, 2 with five-character, and 3 with six-or-more-character Headwords. The total number of Entries for this radical section is 855. The breakdown for the “6+ char” (6字以上) category is: 2 Entries with six-character Headwords and 1 Entry with a seven-character Headword. Therefore, the total number of characters (jisū, 字数; i.e., the sum of characters in all Headwords for this section) is calculated as 1,149 using the following formula:

616 (representing 616 x 1) + (203 x 2) + (26 x 3) + (5 x 4) + (2 x 5) + (2 x 6) + (1 x 7) = 1,149

Verification of Entry Counts #

The verification of Entry counts was primarily focused on radical sections where discrepancies were found with the figures presented in Sakai Kenji’s “Ruiju Myōgishō no Jijun to Bushu Hairetsu” (Character Order and Radical Arrangement in the Ruiju Myōgishō), published in Honpō Jishoshi Ronsō (Collected Papers on the History of Dictionaries in Japan), edited by Yamada Tadao (Tokyo: Sanseidō, 1967), pp. 191–258.

As a result, discrepancies were identified in the following 25 radical sections. The “Difference” column indicates cases where the count in Ikeda et al. (2020) is less than that in Sakai (1967) with a negative number (e.g., -1), and where it is greater with a positive number (e.g., +1). Counts determined to be correct as a result of this verification are shown in bold. Sections shown with non-bolded figures signify that, even if the counts from the two sources differ, a conclusion was pending or not reached in the current verification.

For the following radical sections, the counts in Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020) were initially the same, but verification revealed a need for correction:

Many of these discrepancies relate to differences in how Entries are identified and counted. Therefore, the following sections will specifically explain the discrepancies with the Entry counts presented in Sakai (1967). Finally, a list of Entry counts for each radical section, based on the revised figures, will be provided.

Butsujō (仏上 – First “Buddha” Fascicle) #

In the Butsujō (仏上) section, discrepancies in Entry counts between Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020) are found for the following two radical sections. The figures presented in the table below are from Ikeda et al. (2020):

For the “人” (Man) radical section (人部, jinbu), the following instance, which should have been counted as two separate Entries, was mistakenly counted as a single Entry:

• kazama_location: K01008341, hanzi_entry: 於／ー（何）, definition: 同
• kazama_location: K01008343, hanzi_entry: 奈／ー（何）, definition: 同

This can be confirmed on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

In addition to this, there are the following four Entries where Omitted Characters in the Headword were supplied:

• kazama_location: K01005131, hanzi_entry: 是／［以］
• kazama_location: K01008421, hanzi_entry: 不／奈／［何］
• kazama_location: K01031111, hanzi_entry: 将／為／［便］
• kazama_location: K01035310, hanzi_entry: 奢／［侈］

The figures for the “人” (Man) radical section in Ikeda et al. (2020) need to be corrected for the number of Entries as follows. The corrected figures are shown in bold:

For the “辵” (Walk) radical section (辵部, Chaku-bu), the following two Entries appear consecutively. Although they might seem like a single Entry, ‘迁’ and ‘還’ are distinct characters.

• kazama_location: K01050412, hanzi_entry: 迁
• kazama_location: K01050420, hanzi_entry: 還, definition: 音環(L)　カヘル-ス　メクル　マクラス　シリソク　マタ　ヤム　又音旋　和外ン

This is a section where ‘迂’, ‘迃’, and ‘迁’ appear in sequence, and it is considered to be an arrangement where Headwords with similar glyph forms are listed consecutively. The Entry for ‘迁’ is treated as an unannotated Entry.

This can be confirmed on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

The discrepancy in Entry counts between Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020) is presumed to be due to differences in the method of counting this particular instance.

Butsuchū (仏中 – Middle “Buddha” Fascicle) #

In the Butsuchū section, discrepancies in Entry counts between Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020) are found for the following three radical sections. The figures presented in the table below are from Ikeda et al. (2020):

For the “口” (Mouth) radical section (口部, kōbu), there are three instances where the identification of Entries is problematic.

First, the following Entries for ‘吉’ and ‘喆’ are listed consecutively and might appear to be a single Entry:

• kazama_location: K02047711, hanzi_entry: 吉
• kazama_location: K02047712, hanzi_entry: 喆, definition: 知列反　サトル（HH_）　アキラカナリ　シル　サカシ　シム

However, ‘吉’ (Guangyun: “居質切” jūzhì qiè, Entering tone, Zhi (質) rhyme, character 吉) and ‘喆’ (Guangyun: “陟列切” zhìliè qiè, Entering tone, Xue (薛) rhyme, character 哲) are distinct characters. The Entry for ‘吉’ is an unannotated one.

Please refer to the left side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

Next, the Headwords ‘⿰口⿰木㬅’ and ‘𠾺’ are listed consecutively (following an Entry for ‘㘄’) and might also appear to be a single Entry or part of the ‘㘄’ Entry:

• kazama_location: K02056421, hanzi_entry: 㘄, definition: 魯登反
• kazama_location: K02056422, hanzi_entry: ⿰口⿰木㬅
• kazama_location: K02056430, hanzi_entry: 𠾺, definition: 俗善字

However, ‘⿰口⿰木㬅’ is graphically similar to ‘㘄’, and it is presumed to have been listed for that reason. The Entry for ‘⿰口⿰木㬅’ is likely an unannotated one.

Please refer to the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

The following is an example that could be interpreted as either one Entry or two, depending on the criteria for identification:

• kazama_location: K02030211, hanzi_entry: 呴／吽／𤘘, definition: ◉呴吽𤘘「クチサキラ（HHHVHL）」　「或本ニハ已上五字カキツヽケタリ」 (In another manuscript, the preceding five characters are written consecutively)
• kazama_location: K02030221, hanzi_entry: 吼／㖃, definition: 五正　呼厚反　イヒキ　ヨハフ　ホユ（LH）　ナク（HL）　和ク（L）

The Entry for ‘呴／吽／𤘘’ has the note “或本ニハ已上五字カキツヽケタリ” (In another manuscript, the preceding five characters are written consecutively). At first glance, this makes it seem separate from the following Entry for ‘吼／㖃’. However, it could also be considered as a single, continuous Entry.

In Ikeda et al. (2020), these were treated as two separate Entries, prioritizing the format of their presentation in the manuscript.

Please refer to the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

Butsuge-hon (仏下本 – Lower “Buddha” Fascicle, First Part) #

In the Butsuge-hon section, discrepancies in Entry counts between Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020) are found for the following four radical sections. The figures presented in the table below are from Ikeda et al. (2020):

For the “角” (Horn) radical section (角部, kakubu), the identification of Entries is problematic in the following instance:

• kazama_location: K03012511, hanzi_entry: ⿳或或角／𧥑, definition: (Unannotated)
• kazama_location: K03012520, hanzi_entry: 𧥑, definition: 音必　篳俗　羗人吹角
• kazama_location: K03012530, hanzi_entry: 觱, definition:俗　クスヌク

As some characters may not display correctly depending on the viewing environment, GlyphWiki images are used in the following explanation.

The Headword of the first Entry (K03012511 in the previous example, with hanzi_entry: ⿳或或角／𧥑) is composed of the glyphs and . The Headword of the second Entry (K03012520, with hanzi_entry: 𧥑) is the glyph . These three glyphs appear consecutively in the manuscript. A slight space is observed between the first glyph and the second glyph (both part of K0301251’s Headword). A clear space, equivalent to one character width, is found between the second glyph (the end of K03012511’s Headword) and the third glyph (the Headword of K03012520). If we represent the slight space with ‘_’ and the one-character space with ‘__’, the sequence appears as:

_ __

The calculated number of Entries can vary depending on whether these three visually consecutive Headword glyphs are counted as one, two, or three separate Entries. In Ikeda et al. (2020), this sequence was counted as two Entries. This determination was based on the clear space between the second glyph (the last character of the first Entry’s Headword) and the third glyph (the Headword of the second Entry), and the fact that the first Entry (K0301251, ‘⿳或或角／𧥑’) is unannotated.

Please refer to the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

Incidentally, this section in the Kanchi-in manuscript of the Myōgishō bears a strong resemblance to Entries found in Volume 4 of the Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing (龍龕手鏡), under the “角” (horn) radical.

• location: Lb1690102, hanzi_entry: ⿳或旦角／⿳或或角, definition: 二俗。 (Two popular forms.)
• location: Lb1690104, hanzi_entry: ⿳咸咸角／𧥑, definition: 二古。 (Two old forms.)
• location: Lb1690106, hanzi_entry: 觱, definition: 今。音必。羗人吹角以驚与也。今作篳ー篥樂噐也。下又音佛。ー理也。五。 (Current form. Pronunciation bì. Horn blown by the Qiang people to startle game. Now written as 篳ー篥 (bìlì), a musical instrument. The second character also has the pronunciation fó (佛). The ‘ー’ indicates a principle/type. Five (notes/entries).)

The Headword for entry Lb1690104 in the Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing is .

For the “髟” (Hair) radical section (髟部, Hyōbu), the identification of Entries is problematic in the following instance:

• kazama_location: K03036311
• hanzi_entry: ⿰镸及／■／⿰镸用／⿰镸少
• definition (representing Original Glosses): 未詳 (Unknown) 「⿰镸⿱右王⿰镸宀圭〈私入〉」
• remarks (Compiler's Remark): Ikeda’s note: The string “⿰镸⿱右王⿰镸宀圭〈私入〉” is written in red ink. It is considered an Embedded Item (埋字, umoji). It is not counted as a separate Entry in this context.

The total number of Entries changes depending on whether the string “⿰镸⿱右王⿰镸宀圭〈私入〉” (found within the Original Glosses of the above Entry) is counted as a separate Entry itself. In Ikeda et al. (2020), this string was not included in the Entry count for the “髟” (Hair) radical section.

Please refer to the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

For the “手” (Hand) radical section (手部, Shu-bu), the identification of Entries is problematic in the following instance:

• kazama_location: K03061721, hanzi_entry: ⿰扌水, definition: スクフ
• kazama_location: K03061722, hanzi_entry: 捏, definition: 二奴結反　下又音張　舉也　刾也　又勅貞反

Because the Original Glosses for K03061722 ‘捏’ begin with the character ‘二’ (two), the Entries for ‘⿰扌水’ and ‘捏’ were initially treated as a single unit in the database. However, it was later decided to separate them. Nonetheless, questionable points remain regarding the content of the text. This instance can be seen on page 74 of the facsimile edition of the Hōbodai-in manuscript.

For the Kanchi-in manuscript, please refer to the left side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

The following are two Entries where Omitted Characters in the Headword were supplied:

• kazama_location: K03039530, hanzi_entry: 将／［指］
• kazama_location: K03047140, hanzi_entry: 磬／［控］

The figures for the “手” (Hand) radical section in Ikeda et al. (2020) are corrected as follows. The corrected figures are shown in bold. For the “6 or more characters” category, there is one Entry which consists of 8 characters:

For the “木” (Tree) radical section (木部, Mokubu), the identification of Entries is problematic in the following instance:

• kazama_location: K03102341, hanzi_entry: 小／ー（櫃）／膳／ー（櫃）, definition: アケノヒツ（HH___）

According to the Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (Nikkoku), there are examples of ‘小櫃’ (kobitsu) in the Wamyō Ruijushō (Wamyōshō), and ‘膳櫃’ (omono hitsu) in the Engi Shiki. As it is preferable to treat these as separate Entries, the KRM data has been corrected as follows:

• kazama_location: K03102341, hanzi_entry: 小／ー（櫃）, definition: (Unannotated)
• kazama_location: K03102343, hanzi_entry: 膳／ー（櫃）, definition: アケノヒツ（HH___）

Please refer to the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

As a result of this correction, the number of Entries in the “木” (Tree) radical section now matches the count in Sakai (1967). The corrected figures are shown in bold:

Butsuge-matsu (仏下末 – Lower “Buddha” Fascicle, Last Part) #

In the Butsuge-matsu section, discrepancies in Entry counts between Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020) are found for the following radical section. The figures presented in the table below are from Ikeda et al. (2020):

For the “火” (Fire) radical section (火部, Kabu), Sakai (1967) counts 512 Entries, resulting in a difference of one Entry when compared to the count of 513 in Ikeda et al. (2020). There are three instances where the method of counting Entries is problematic. The discrepancy with Sakai (1967) is thought to arise from differences in calculating the count in one or more of these instances.

• kazama_location: K04038132, hanzi_entry: 𤊹, definition: (Unannotated)
• kazama_location: K04038141, hanzi_entry: 㶿／⿰火⿳朩冖子／⿰火⿱十子, definition: 三俗勃字　音悖　サカリ

After the Headword ‘𤊹’ in Entry K04038132, there is a slight space. In Ikeda et al. (2020), this was counted as an unannotated Entry.

The original text for this section can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

• kazama_location: K04041732, hanzi_entry: 焭, definition: (Unannotated)
• kazama_location: K04041741, hanzi_entry: ⿱⿱⿰火火冖凡／煢, definition (corrected from defifnition): 俗通正　音瓊　ヒトリ　𠎽〈古〉　惸〈古〉　ヒトリアルヤモメ（HHL__HHH）　ヤモメ（HHH）

The Original Glosses for Headword ‘⿱⿱⿰火火冖凡／煢’ (K04041741) begin with the Form Classification Tag “俗通正” (zoku tsū sei). This might suggest that ‘焭’ (K04041732) and ‘⿱⿱⿰火火冖凡／煢’ were originally intended as a single Entry. However, the blank space following ‘焭’ (K04041732) is distinct. Considering this, and given that there are instances where a Form Classification Tag can refer to a preceding Entry, Ikeda et al. (2020) counted ‘焭’ (K04041732) as a separate, unannotated Entry.

The original text for this section can be referred to on the left side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

• kazama_location: K04052540, hanzi_entry: ⿱亦火, definition: 餘石反　盛也　カヽヤク　⿱赤火　ウレフ　ユク　和ヤク, remarks (Compiler's Remark): The string ‘⿱赤火’ can be interpreted as either an Embedded Item (umeji) or as a note on a variant character (itaiji).

This case is as explained in the remarks column. The string ‘⿱赤火’ is written in a slightly larger size, and if considered an Embedded Item, it would increase the Entry count by one. However, since Masamune’s Kanji Index (正宗漢字索引, Masamune Kanji Sakuin) does not list ‘⿱赤火’ as a separate Headword, it was treated as an annotation concerning a variant character (itaiji) within the Original Glosses.

The original text for this section can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

Hōjō (法上 – First “Dharma” Fascicle) #

For the “水” (Water) radical section (水部, Sui-bu), attention should be paid to the following four Entries, which are associated with the note “此クタリ二水ノトコロニアリ” (These items are in the place of 冫 [nisui, the ice radical]):

• kazama_location: K05033810, hanzi_entry: ■, definition: 「此クタリ二水ノトコロニアリ」　フチ(LH) (Compiler’s Note for K0503381: An Interpolation Mark appears immediately before this. This note indicates that these four Entries on this line should be moved to the “冫” (nisui) radical section. See Sakai, Jijun [Character Order], p. 33.)
• kazama_location: K05033820, hanzi_entry: 减, definition: 俗減字　オトス（LLH）　ヘク（LHV）　ヘス　和ケム
• kazama_location: K05033830, hanzi_entry: 冸, definition: ソヽク
• kazama_location: K05033840, hanzi_entry: ⿰冫⿰关⺉, definition: フカシ

These four Entries have been assigned to the “冫” (nisui) radical section for the purpose of calculating Entry counts.

The original text for this section can be referred to on the left side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

Sakai (1967) calculated 1,322 Entries for the “水” (Water) radical section, while Ikeda et al. (2020) calculated 1,321 Entries, resulting in a difference of one Entry. Upon review, the following Entry is a potential source of this counting discrepancy:

• kazama_location: K05001310, hanzi_entry: 水, definition (representing Original Glosses): 尸癸反　ミツ（HHV）　カハ　月ー（水）　ツキノサハリ　和スイ（LH）

The string ‘月ー（水）’ (moon-[substituting for] water; referring to menstruation, 月水 gessui) is a compound word. If this were treated as an Embedded Item (umeji) and counted as a separate Entry, the Entry counts of Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020) for this radical section would become identical. However, the subsequent part of the Original Glosses, “和スイ（LH）” (a Wa-on pronunciation for ‘水’), pertains to the main Headword ‘水’. Identifying an embedded Entry in a way that interrupts the glosses for the main Headword is problematic. Therefore, this Entry (for ‘水’) is maintained as a single Entry as per Ikeda et al. (2020).

The original text for this section can be referred to on the left side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

For the “足” (Foot) radical section (足部, Sokubu), Sakai (1967) counts 494 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 493 Entries, a difference of one Entry. The following instance is likely related to this discrepancy:

• kazama_location: K05076311, hanzi_entry: 踟／ー（蹰）, definition (representing Original Glosses): 上馳(L)　又智音　或躊字　タチヤスラフ　オソシ, remarks (Compiler's Remark): Ikeda’s note: “躊字” (the characters ‘躊’ and ‘字’) is written in a large size. It is considered part of the Original Glosses.

As noted in the remarks (the Compiler's Remark), one might consider counting “躊字” (the characters ‘躊’ and ‘字’ found in the gloss above) as a separate Entry. However, the character ‘躊’ is itself listed as the Headword of the very next Entry:

• kazama_location: K05076330, hanzi_entry: 躊, definition (representing Original Glosses): 音儔　タチモトホル　タチヤスラフ（LH____）

Therefore, rather than considering ‘躊’ to be a duplicated Headword (or “躊字” to be an independent embedded Entry), it is considered more appropriate to interpret “躊字” in the first instance as characters within the Original Glosses that were simply written in a large size.

The original text for this section can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

Hōchū (法中 – Middle “Dharma” Fascicle) #

In the Hōchū section, discrepancies in Entry counts between Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020) are found for the following three radical sections. The figures presented in the table below are from Ikeda et al. (2020):

For the “石” (Stone) radical section (石部, Sekibu), Sakai (1967) counts 375 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) initially counted 376 Entries, a difference of one Entry. This discrepancy is likely related to the following instance:

• kazama_location: K06001320, hanzi_entry: ⿸𠂋帀, definition (representing Original Glosses): 古　△在下

In the Original Gloss “△在下”, the ‘△’ symbol is written in a slightly larger size, which was misidentified as a separate Headword (contributing to the initial count of 376 by Ikeda et al.).

Additionally, an Entry where an Omitted Character in the Headword was supplied is the following:

• kazama_location: K06012741, hanzi_entry: 桃／花／［石］, definition: 此間音タウクヱシヤク（LHHHLLL）

The Entry count and total headword character count for the “石” (Stone) radical section are corrected as follows:

For the “玉” (Jade) radical section (玉部, Gyokubu), Sakai (1967) counts 384 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 383 Entries, a difference of one Entry. The following Entry is likely related to this discrepancy:

• kazama_location: K06013430, hanzi_entry: 玊, definition (representing Original Glosses): 音夙（T）「シク」　又栗（T）「リク」　又欣救反　琢「ミカク」玉を工也, remarks (Compiler's Remark): Ikeda’s note: ‘栗’ is an error for ‘粟’. The red ink mark on ‘玉’ might be an Morphosyntactic Glosses (wokototen, ヲコト点) for ‘を’ (wo). ‘工也’ is written in small characters in the manuscript, but it has been transcribed in large characters here because the Guangyun has the semantic gloss ‘琢玉工’ (jade-carving artisan).

There is a possibility of treating ‘琢玉’ (jade carving), which appears in the gloss as ‘琢「ミカク」玉を’, as an Embedded Item (umeji). However, since ‘琢’ is listed as a separate Headword elsewhere, it is likely appropriate to consider ‘琢玉’ as part of the Original Glosses for ‘玊’.

The original text for this section can be referred to on the left side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

For the “心” (Heart) radical section (心部, Shinbu), Sakai (1967) counts 909 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 908 Entries, a difference of one Entry. The following Entry is likely related to this discrepancy:

• kazama_location: K06084521, hanzi_entry: 㥶, definition (representing Original Glosses): 「注」⿺⻎偘古　「注」⿱保言𠐨〈籀〉, remarks (Compiler's Remark): Ikeda’s note: Although ‘⿺⻎偘古’ and ‘⿱保言𠐨’ are written in large characters, each is accompanied by the character ‘注’ (annotation), indicating they are part of the Original Glosses.

Since ‘⿺⻎偘古’ and ‘⿱保言𠐨’ are written in large characters, there is a possibility of counting them as Headwords. However, they are not characters that would typically be assigned to the “心” (Heart) radical section, and furthermore, they are explicitly marked with ‘注’ (annotation). Therefore, it is unlikely that Ikeda et al. (2020) miscounted by including these as separate Entries (implying the discrepancy may originate from Sakai’s count or another unclarified instance).

The original text for this section can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

For the “糸” (Silk) radical section (糸部, Shibu), there is no difference in the number of Entries between Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020). However, a correction is made to the character count of the Headword in the following Entry:

• kazama_location: K06121611, hanzi_entry: 罘／䋄, definition: ノアミ

This corrects a previous misidentification where the Headword was mistakenly interpreted as ‘四／不／䋄’. As a result of this correction to the headword’s character composition, the breakdown of Entry counts by headword length and the total headword character count for this section are as follows (the total number of Entries, 736, remains unchanged):

Hōge (法下 – Lower “Dharma” Fascicle) #

In the Hōge, discrepancies in Entry counts between Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020) are found for the following four radical sections. The figures presented in the table below are from Ikeda et al. (2020):

For the “勹” (Wrap) radical section (勹部, Hōbu), the following instance is problematic:

• kazama_location: K07057620, hanzi_entry: 匑, definition (representing Original Glosses): 音⿺麦羽　又穹　ー𠤂　謹敬皃, remarks (Compiler's Remark): Ikeda’s note: Although ‘ー𠤂’ is written in a slightly larger size, it is considered part of the Original Glosses.
• kazama_location: K07057640, hanzi_entry: 𠤂, definition (representing Original Glosses): 音躬

In the Original Glosses for ‘匑’ (K07057620), the ‘ー’ in ‘ー𠤂’ is a Substitution Mark. Thus, ‘ー𠤂’ represents ‘匑𠤂’, and its semantic meaning is given as ‘謹敬皃’ (jǐnjìngmào; “appearance of being reverent and respectful”). Masamune’s Kanji Index lists ‘ー（匑）𠤂’ as an Entry.

The character ‘匑’ appears in the Guangyun with the gloss “謹敬之皃。又音穹。” (Appearance of being reverent and respectful. Also pronounced qióng [穹]) under the Level tone (平声), Dong (東) rhyme, xiaoyun ‘弓’ (gōng): jūróng qiè (居戎切); and also as “謹敬之皃” (Appearance of being reverent and respectful) under the Level tone, Dong rhyme, xiaoyun ‘穹’ (qióng): qùgōng qiè (去宫切) [Departing tone reading for 穹]. The Phonetic Gloss “音⿺麦羽” found in the Myōgishō is questionable. However, the accompanying “又穹” (also qióng) can be seen as indicating a pronunciation from the Level tone, Dong rhyme. Furthermore, ‘匑’ is found in the Banshō Meigi (万象名義) with “丘陸反。謹敬皃” and in the Song edition of the Yupian (宋本玉篇) with “丘六切。又丘弓切。匑𠤊謹敬皃”. Since ‘丘陸反’ (qiūlù fǎn) and ‘丘六切’ (qiūliù qiè) correspond to the Entering tone (入声), Wu (屋) rhyme, and Xi (溪) initial, they are likely scribal errors for ‘麴󠄀’ (yeast/leaven), which has the fanqie spelling “驅匊切” (qūdī qiè) in the Guangyun.

The next Entry, K07057640 for ‘𠤂’, has the Phonetic Gloss “音躬” (pronounced as ‘躬’). While ‘𠤂’ is not found in the Guangyun, the character ‘躬’ (gōng) cited in the gloss is listed in the Guangyun with the fanqie “居戎切” (jūróng qiè; Level tone, Dong rhyme, xiaoyun ‘弓’), making it homophonous with ‘匑’. Although ‘𠤂’ is not found in the Banshō Meigi, the Song edition of the Yupian, or the Guangyun, it does appear in the Jiyun (集韻) under the entry for “𠤂匔” with the gloss “謹敬也或作匔” (Reverent and respectful; also written as 匔) under the Level tone, Dong rhyme, xiaoyun ‘窮’ (qióng): qúgōng qiè (渠弓切).

Based on the above, it is difficult to consider ‘ー（匑）𠤂’ in the Kanchi-in manuscript as a compound word; it is more likely a co-listing of variant characters (itaiji).

The original text for this section can be referred to on the left side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

For the “雨” (Rain) radical section (雨部, Ubu), Sakai (1967) counts 226 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 228 Entries, a difference of two Entries. The following example illustrates an instance where the identification of Entries is problematic:

• kazama_location: K07067330, hanzi_entry: 霆, definition (representing Original Glosses): 定（R）亭（L）挺（H）三音　霹靂　イナヒカリ（__LVHL）　イカツチ（H_HV_）, remarks (Compiler's Remark): Ikeda’s note: ‘霹靂’ is a Semantic Gloss in Chinese.

The characters ‘霹靂’ (Hekireki; thunderclap) are written in a slightly larger size. Furthermore, while this Entry for ‘霆’ occupies the space of two cells (or blocks; 2格, nikaku), the segment ‘霹靂　イナヒカリ（__LVHL）’ is written in the second cell, suggesting it could potentially have been a separate Headword (and thus a distinct Entry). However, since ‘霹靂’ is listed as a Headword elsewhere in the Myōgishō, and considering its content in this instance, it was judged appropriate to treat it as a phrase within the Original Glosses for ‘霆’.

The original text for this section can be referred to on the left side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

Another problematic instance is the following example. Related preceding and succeeding Entries are also shown for context:

• kazama_location: K07068530, hanzi_entry: 雹, definition: 歩角反　アラレ（HHH）　和ハク　ハウ
• kazama_location: K07068541, hanzi_entry: 𩅟, definition: 或
• kazama_location: K07068542, hanzi_entry: 雹, definition: (Unannotated)
• kazama_location: K07068611, hanzi_entry: 𩂁／䨔／⿱𩅒田, definition: 俗

The third Entry, K07068542 with Headword ‘雹’, appears at the end of its line and might seem continuous with the next Entry on the following line, K07068611 with Headword ‘𩂁／䨔／⿱𩅒田’. There is a slight blank space below ‘雹’ (K07068542). Furthermore, although the Headwords of the first Entry (K07068530) and the third Entry (K07068542) are both transcribed as ‘雹’, in the original manuscript, the lower part of the latter (‘雹’ in K07068542) is written in a form resembling ‘⿱冖巳’. It is thought that a blank space was intentionally left below it to accommodate some form of Note on Character Form.

However, the Headword of the last listed Entry, ‘𩂁／䨔／⿱𩅒田’ (K07068611), consists of variant characters (itaiji) of ‘雹’, as can be seen in the following examples from Volume 2 of the Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing (龍龕手鑑), under the “雨” (Rain) radical. Therefore, it is also conceivable that ‘雹’ (K07068542) and ‘𩂁／䨔／⿱𩅒田’ (K07068611) originally constituted a single Entry.

• location: Ls52b0802, hanzi_entry: 䨔𩂁𩅒, definition: 三俗。 (Three popular forms.)
• location: Ls52b0805, hanzi_entry: 𩄉𩅟𩇌, definition: 三古。 (Three old forms.)
• location: Ls52b0808, hanzi_entry: 雹, definition: 正。蒲各反。雨冰也。七。 (Standard form. Fanqie: 蒲各反 (pú gè fǎn). Means ‘rain and ice’ (hail). Seven (notes/entries).)

A comparison of the Headword characters from the Kanchi-in manuscript and the Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing is shown below. Only Notes on Character Form (字体注, jitaichū) are indicated; Phonetic Glosses and Japanese Native Readings (wakun) are omitted. A slash ‘/’ indicates a conceptual line break (for aligning the Kanchi-in sequence). Arabic numerals represent the order of appearance in the Kanchi-in manuscript; ‘x’ marks characters from the Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing list not found in the Kanchi-in manuscript’s corresponding sequence, and parentheses () are used for characters that are similar but not identical.

(Kanchi-in Manuscript) 1…… 2或 3 　/ 4 5 6俗

(Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing) 5 4 (6)三俗 x 2 x三古 1正　…

The Kanchi-in manuscript sequence involves 6 character forms (or groups), while the Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing list shows 7 relevant character forms here. Their order of description does not directly match. The characters marked with ‘x’, namely and , from the Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing list are not found in the corresponding Kanchi-in manuscript sequence. Character 3 , , and character 6, , from the Kanchi-in manuscript do not have direct identical counterparts in this Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing list. However, character 6 from the Kanchi-in manuscript, , is similar to character (6), , from the Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing.

It is presumed that the exemplar of a dictionary like the Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing that was consulted by the compiler(s) of the revised Kanchi-in manuscript of the Ruiju Myōgishō may have had questionable points or textual corruptions.

The original text for this section in the Kanchi-in manuscript can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

The original text for the relevant section in the Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

For the “疒” (Sickness) radical section (疒部, Daibu), Sakai (1967) counts 400 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 399 Entries, a difference of one Entry. The identification of Entries is problematic in the following instance:

• kazama_location: K07125841, hanzi_entry: 𤻿／⿸疒既, definition (representing Original Glosses): 俗通　古界反　⿱⿰白旡月　正䐴　𦝫, remarks (Compiler's Remark): Ikeda’s note: The string ‘⿱⿰白旡月’ is an example of characters from the Original Glosses being written in a large size.

Although the string ‘⿱⿰白旡月’ is written in a large size and might appear to be a Headword, it does not contain the ‘疒’ radical component. Therefore, it is not appropriate to classify it as a Headword belonging to the “疒” (Sickness) radical section.

The original text for this section in the Kanchi-in manuscript can be referred to on the upper right of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

For the “寸” (Inch) radical section (寸部, Sunbu), Sakai (1967) counts 41 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 39 Entries, a difference of two Entries. This discrepancy is thought to be related to the following instance:

• kazama_location: K07143741, hanzi_entry: 戈／ー（射）, definition (representing Original Glosses): イツル　六ー　ムツマシ　賭ー　ノリユミ

The strings ‘六ー（射）’ and ‘賭ー（射）’ appearing in the Original Glosses are written in a somewhat larger size. It is considered appropriate to treat each of these, along with their subsequent Japanese Native Readings (wakun), as independent Entries. These are considered Embedded Items (umeji), or compounds presented in the Divided-Annotation Style (Bunchūshiki). If treated this way, this instance is corrected as follows:

• kazama_location: K07143741, hanzi_entry: 戈／ー（射）, definition: イツル, remarks (Compiler's Remark): Ikeda’s note: The segment ‘六ー　ムツマシ　賭ー　ノリユミ’ (originally part of this entry’s gloss) is likely an Embedded Item (*umeji*) (or items that should be separate entries).
• kazama_location: K07143743, hanzi_entry: 六／ー（射）, definition: ムツマシ
• kazama_location: K07143745, hanzi_entry: 賭／ー（射）, definition: ノリユミ

The figures for the “寸” (Inch) radical section in Ikeda et al. (2020) need to be corrected for the number of Entries as follows. The corrected figures are shown in bold:

For the “示” (Altar/Display) radical section (示部, Shibu), there is no difference in the number of Entries between Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020). However, an Omitted Character is recognized in the Headword of the following Entry:

• kazama_location: K0700183, hanzi_entry: 樹／［神］, definition: コタマ（LHL）

As a result of supplying this omitted character, the breakdown of Entry counts by headword length and the total headword character count for this section are presented as follows (the total number of Entries, 232, remains unchanged):

Sōjō (僧上 – Upper “Sangha” Fascicle) #

In the Sōjō section, discrepancies in Entry counts between Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020) are found for the following two radical sections. The figures presented in the table below are from Ikeda et al. (2020):

For the “毛” (Fur) radical section (毛部, Mōbu), Sakai (1967) counts 104 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 103 Entries, a difference of one Entry. This discrepancy is thought to be related to the following instance:

• kazama_location: K08100641, hanzi_entry: ⿱三毛／⿱介毳／毳／𣯝, definition (representing Original Glosses): マコケ（HHLV）　カモ（HH）　音脆（R）「セイ」, remarks (Compiler's Remark): The Japanese Native Readings (wakun) are written as if they are side-line kun readings for ‘毳’. Corrected to treat ‘⿱三毛／⿱介毳／毳／𣯝’ as a single Entry.

As noted in the remarks (the Compiler's Remark), the two Japanese Native Readings (wakun) are written as if they are side-line kun readings for the character ‘毳’. Furthermore, in the original manuscript layout, there is a line break after ‘毳’, and ‘𣯝’ appears as a Headword at the beginning of the next line.

Since the character ‘𣯝’ may not display correctly in all environments, the Headword in question, along with its associated readings from the Original Glosses, is shown using GlyphWiki images as follows. A slash ‘/’ indicates a line break as found in the Kanchi-in manuscript’s layout for this entry:

マコケ（HHLV）　カモ（HH） / 音脆（R）「セイ」

The character ‘毳’ (sui, zei) has two pronunciations in the Guangyun: “此芮切” (cǐ ruì qiè; Departing tone, 祭韻, 清母 Qing initial) and “楚税切” (chǔ shuì qiè; Departing tone, 祭韻, 穿二母 Chuan II initial, for the character 㯔). The character ‘脆’ also has the fanqie “此芮切”. The Shuowen Jiezi, under the “毳” radical section, states: “獸細毛也。从三毛。凡毳之屬皆从毳。” (Fine animal fur. Composed of three ‘毛’ (fur) characters. All characters belonging to the 毳 category are derived from 毳). Considering this, it is appropriate to treat these four characters (, , , and ) collectively as a single Basic Entry. The Renjō-in manuscript also treats these four characters as a single Entry.

Regarding the Japanese Native Readings (wakun): The wakun “カモ” (kamo) is listed in the Nihon Kokugo Daijiten (Nikkoku) under the entry for “かも 【氈】” with the definition: “A carpet woven from animal fur; also refers to woolen products in general. Also ori-kamo.” Examples are found in the Shinsen Jikyō and the Wamyō Ruijushō. The wakun “マコゲ” (makoge) is not listed in the Nikkoku. Masamune’s Kana Index records “マコゲ”. However, Mochizuki’s Wakun Shūsei and Kusakawa’s Wakun Shūsei list it as “ニコゲ” (nikoge) with a mama (i.e., “as is,” indicating a direct transcription of a possibly problematic form) note. The Maeda-bon manuscript of the Iroha Jiruishō, under the entry for ‘毳’, shows “ニコゲ (HHLV)”. The Nikkoku defines “ニコゲ” (nikoge) as: “Fine, soft, short animal fur; also soft human hair. Ubuge (downy hair), watage (fluff).” Examples are found in the Wamyō Ruijushō and other texts.

The original text for this section in the Kanchi-in manuscript can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

Incidentally, Volume 1 of the Longkan Shoujian/Shoujing (龍龕手鑑), under the “毛” (Fur) radical section, shows the following related entries:

四俗。 (Four popular forms.) 正。七稅昌稅二反。鳥獸細茸毛也。又斷也。亦姓五。 (Standard form. Fanqie spellings: 七稅反 (qī shuì fǎn) and 昌稅反 (chāng shuì fǎn). Meaning: ‘Fine downy fur of birds and beasts. Also means to cut. Also a surname.’ Five (notes/entries in total for this group).)

The Entry count and total headword character count for the “毛” (Fur) radical section are corrected as follows:

For the “食” (Eat/Food) radical section (食部, Shokubu), Sakai (1967) counts 214 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 213 Entries, a difference of one Entry. This discrepancy is thought to be related to the following instance:

• kazama_location: K08104831, hanzi_entry: 餬／𩚩, definition (representing Original Glosses): 「カユ」　「モラフ（HHL）」　今正　音胡　鬻〈正〉　饘也　モラフ（HHL）　ネヤス（LH_）　ヒサク（HH_）, remarks (Compiler's Remark): An example noted as ‘unknown’ (未詳, mishō) in the Wamyō Ruijushō but not present in the Myōgishō in this form; see Senchūbon Wamyōshō (Annotated Edition of the Wamyō Ruijushō), Vol. 4, p. 48 verso (Okada’s research, p. 97).

The Japanese Native Readings (wakun) ‘カユ’ (kayu) and ‘モラフ’ (morau; HHL) are written to the bottom right and bottom left, respectively, of the Headword ‘餬’. While they could potentially be seen as constituting independent Entries, the Headword ‘餬／𩚩’ is an example of co-listed variant characters (itaiji). Furthermore, the Original Glosses include the Form Classification Tag ‘今正’ (konsei; “current/standard”), and the Renjō-in manuscript treats ‘餬／𩚩’ as a single Entry.

Another problematic instance is the following example:

• kazama_location: K08110441, hanzi_entry: 䬭／𩚓／𩚾／𩜻／䬢／⿱⿰号丙食, definition: 俗 (Popular form)

As this Headword contains many complex or rare characters, it is shown below using GlyphWiki images. A slash ‘/’ indicates a line break (as found in the manuscript for this sequence):

或正叨通　他刀反　貪財　呉刀(R)
(Glyph notes for : 或正叨通 (waku sei tō tsū; Alternative, Standard, Also Common forms). Fanqie: 他刀反 (tā dāo fǎn). Meaning: 貪財 (greedy for wealth). Go-on: 刀(R) (tō).)
/ 俗 (Popular form)

There is a line break between and , which might suggest that the Headword was split into two Entries at this point. However, as this is a sequence of variant characters (itaiji) of ‘饕’, it is considered more appropriate to treat it as a single Entry.

The original text for this section in the Kanchi-in manuscript can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

Sōchū (僧中 – Middle “Sangha” Fascicle) #

In the Sōchū section, discrepancies in Entry counts between Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020) are found for the following two radical sections. The figures presented in the table below are from Ikeda et al. (2020):

For the “弓” (Bow) radical section (弓部, Kyūbu), Sakai (1967) counts 102 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 101 Entries, a difference of one Entry. This discrepancy is thought to be related to the following instance:

• kazama_location: K09028141, hanzi_entry: ⿰弓取／⿰弓亥／⿰弓丁／⿰弓𧴪, definition: 未詳 (Unknown)

There is a line break in the manuscript between ‘⿰弓丁’ (the third character of this Headword) and ‘⿰弓𧴪’ (the fourth character of this Headword), which raises the possibility of counting them as two separate Entries.

The Headword ‘⿰弓取／⿰弓亥／⿰弓丁／⿰弓𧴪’ with its Original Gloss “未詳” (Unknown) appears as follows (line break indicated by /):

/ / 未詳 (Unknown)

The original text for this section in the Kanchi-in manuscript can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

For the “鳥” (Bird) radical section (鳥部, Chōbu), Sakai (1967) counts 532 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 533 Entries, a difference of one Entry. Currently, no specific instances that might account for this discrepancy in Entry counting have been identified.

Sōge (僧下 – Lower “Sangha” Fascicle) #

In the Sōge section, discrepancies in Entry counts between Sakai (1967) and Ikeda et al. (2020) are found for the following four radical sections. The figures presented in the table below are from Ikeda et al. (2020):

For the “魚” (Fish) radical section (魚部, Gyobu), Sakai (1967) counts 378 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 379 Entries, a difference of one Entry. This discrepancy is thought to be related to the following instance:

• kazama_location: K10008640, hanzi_entry: 鰐, definition: 音萼　ワニ（LL）
• kazama_location: K10008711, hanzi_entry: 鱷, definition: 或
• kazama_location: K10008712, hanzi_entry: 𩻙, definition: 正
• kazama_location: K10008713, hanzi_entry: 鰐, definition: (Unannotated)
• kazama_location: K10008720, hanzi_entry: 䱟, definition: *フナ

In the original Kanchi-in manuscript, the last two characters (‘鰐’ from K10008713 and ‘䱟’ from K10008720) are written as if they form a single Entry. These two characters are not listed as Headwords in the Renjō-in manuscript.

The sequence of glyphs and the wakun ‘フナ’ appears as:

1音萼　ワニ(LL) (with its own glosses)
2或 (annotated 或 - variant)
3正 (annotated 正 - standard)
4 (unannotated)
5 フナ (funa)

Indeed, it is conceivable that the Japanese Native Reading (wakun) ‘フナ’ (funa) was intended as an annotation for both characters (4) and (5) together.

Alternatively, at some stage of the revised compilation, there might have been a perceived difference in glyph form between (1) and (4), and they might have been listed to distinguish them. The three characters (2), (3), and (4) are written within a single cell (1マス, hitomasu). The common kun reading for ‘鰐’ is ‘ワニ’ (wani), so it is hesitant to read it as ‘フナ’ (funa). It is preferable to consider ‘フナ’ as corresponding only to ‘䱟’.

The original text for this section in the Kanchi-in manuscript can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

For the “虫” (Insect) radical section (虫部, Chūbu), Sakai (1967) counts 665 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 664 Entries, a difference of one Entry. This discrepancy is thought to be related to the following instances:

• kazama_location: K10030731, hanzi_entry: ⿱⿱⿰虫虫冖虫／⿱⿱⿰虫虫冖磊／𧖁／⿱⿱市冖蟲／⿱⿱士宀蟲／⿱兩⿰虫虫 (line break)／⿰虫⿰杀攵, definition: 俗⿳⿻十口冖各俗

This is an Entry listing variant characters (itaiji), but there is a line break in the middle of the Headword.

The original text for this section in the Kanchi-in manuscript can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

Another problematic instance is the following:

• kazama_location: K10038541, hanzi_entry: ⿱䖝⿰蚕蚕／⿱⿰天天蟲／䗝 (line break)／⿱冖虫／蝅／⿱玄虫, definition: 俗

This is an Entry listing variant characters (itaiji) of ‘蠶’, but there is a line break in the middle of the Headword.

The original text for this section in the Kanchi-in manuscript can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

For the “鬼” (Ghost) radical section (鬼部, Kibu), Sakai (1967) counts 74 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 75 Entries, a difference of one Entry. This discrepancy is thought to be related to the following instances:

• kazama_location: K10048541, hanzi_entry: 𩲀／𩱿／⿱勿鬼 (line break)／𩲢／𩲑／𩲝／䰨／𩴎, definition: 俗

This is an Entry listing variant characters (itaiji), but there is a line break in the middle of the Headword.

• kazama_location: K10050340, hanzi_entry: ⿰我鬼, definition: (Unannotated), remarks (Compiler's Remark): Ikeda’s note: Could this be continuous with the following ‘Unknown’ (未詳, mishō) Entry?
• kazama_location: K10050411, hanzi_entry: 𩴜／⿺鬼有／⿺鬼麦／⿺鬼同／⿺鬼達／⿺鬼田／⿺鬼能／⿺鬼幸／⿺鬼𦍬／⿰田鬼, definition: 未詳 (Unknown)

These were counted as two Entries, but if ‘⿰我鬼’ (K10050340) is continuous with the following ‘Unknown’ Entry, the count would decrease by one.

The original text for these sections in the Kanchi-in manuscript can be referred to on the right side of the corresponding page and the right side of the following page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

For the “雑” (Miscellaneous) radical section (雑部, Zatsubu), Sakai (1967) counts 1,500 Entries, while Ikeda et al. (2020) count 1,501 Entries, a difference of one Entry. This discrepancy is thought to be related to the following instance:

• kazama_location: K10081830, hanzi_entry: ■, definition: ツミ
• kazama_location: K10081840, hanzi_entry: 𡿨, definition: (Unannotated), remarks (Compiler's Remark): A variant character (*itaiji*) of ‘甽’.

The character represented as ‘■’ (in K10081830) is written in the manuscript like . The character ‘𡿨’ (K10081840) is not found in the Kazama Shobō edition. It can be confirmed in the Kichō Tosho Fukuseikai edition and both the old and new Tenri editions, but it is an easily overlooked example.

The original text for this section in the Kanchi-in manuscript can be referred to on the left side of the corresponding page in the National Diet Library Digital Collections.

Also in the “雑” (Miscellaneous) radical section, there was an error in the data for the following Entry:

• kazama_location: K10075411, hanzi_entry: 多／少, definition: ソコハク（LHLVL）

The Headword was previously misidentified as only ‘多’ and has been corrected to ‘多／少’.

As a result of these corrections, the breakdown of Entry counts by headword length and the total headword character count for this section are as follows:

Summary of Entry Counts and Total Headword Character Counts by Radical Section #

It was necessary to correct the Entry counts from Ikeda et al. (2020) for the following three radical sections: No. 001 “人” (Man), No. 029 “木” (Tree), and No. 080 “寸” (Inch). For other radical sections where discrepancies with other tallies (e.g., Sakai (1967)) exist, these variations are generally due to differences in the criteria for identifying and counting Entries. In such cases, the counts from Ikeda et al. (2020) have been retained as is. Reflecting the corrections made based on the verifications discussed above, a complete list of Entry counts for all radical sections is provided below. The presented total headword character counts (keishutsuji-sū, 掲出字数) also incorporate corrections for clear instances of Omitted Characters.

Butsujō (仏上 – Upper “Buddha” Fascicle)

Butsuchū (仏中 – Middle “Buddha” Fascicle)

Butsuge-hon (仏下本 – Lower “Buddha” Fascicle, First Part)

Butsuge-matsu (仏下末 – Lower “Buddha” Fascicle, Last Part)

Hōjō (法上 – Upper “Dharma” Fascicle)

Hōchū (法中 – Middle “Dharma” Fascicle)

Hōge (法下 – Lower “Dharma” Fascicle)

Sōjō (僧上 – Upper “Sangha” Fascicle)

Sōchū (僧中 – Middle “Sangha” Fascicle)

Sōge (僧下 – Lower “Sangha” Fascicle)

Overall Total

Addendum #

Regarding K10108221 ‘陟厘’:

The Kanchi-in manuscript presents ‘⿱陟厘’ (a ligature-like form combining ‘陟’ and ‘厘’) as a single character, and Masamune’s Index and Kusakawa’s Wakun Shūsei follow this interpretation. Mochizuki’s Wakun Shūsei, however, treats ‘陟厘’ as two separate characters. The Dōen-bon manuscript of the Wamyō Ruijushō (Volume 17, “Vegetables” section) has an entry for ‘陟𨤲’ with the annotation: “音緾 一本作厘 和名 阿乎乃利” (Pronunciation ten [for 陟]; one manuscript has 厘 [for 𨤲]; Japanese name: Awonori). The Shinsen Jikyō shows ‘陟釐 青乃利’ (Shokuri Aonori) (under “Miscellaneous characters for temporary needs” - 臨時雑要字, rinji zatsuyō ji). The Iroha Jiruishō (Maeda-bon) has ‘陟𨤲 アヲノリ’ (Shokuri Awonori) (under “ア – Plants”). Considering this evidence, it seems appropriate to interpret ‘陟厘’ in the Kanchi-in manuscript as two separate characters.

This interpretation would affect the calculation of the total headword character count (keishutsuji-sū), but this has not been reflected in the data tables presented above. (Noted December 15, 2022).

March 14, 2024: Corrected errors in the aggregated numerical figures (in the preceding tables).